Serious concerns about civil liberties in the United States, especially for Arab Americans and immigrants from the Arab and Muslim worlds, have been raised by the USA Patriot Act, a number of new Administration policies, and aspects of the investigation into the attacks of September 11. These provisions of the USA Patriot Act raise serious concerns regarding civil rights and liberties, especially as regards to due process, and undermine the separation of powers and the system of checks and balances between the branches of the Federal Government. With regard to the USA Patriot Act, there are three principle areas of concern: